Sunday, December 22, 2019

Field Trip Report On The Cape Fear River - 1161 Words

Field Trip Report The Cape Fear River Watch is a non profit organization initiated to â€Å"protect and improve the water quality of the Cape Fear River.† They intend to help the river water remain â€Å"fishable, swimmable, and drinkable.† The Cape Fear River Watch provides a wide array of education, advocacy, and action programs for members of the Cape Fear River community. The Cape Fear River contains environmental habitats including salt marshes and black water swamps. The distinct and unique culture of the Cape Fear River demands protection. Large corporations have abused the Cape Fear River over the last few decades. Over the last century, the river’s fish population has decreased drastically. The Cape Fear River has developed water contamination and air quality issues from coal ash emissions and waste, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, and is now further threatened by the possible introduction of Titan Cement company. Theses companies have significantly impacted surro unding communities. Environmentally, these issues are destroying our water and air quality, and are detrimental to ecosystems within the river. As we explored the Cape Fear River during our field trip, our guide focused on these three main contributing factors to the destruction of the river. We explored the Rock Arch Rapids the River Watch constructed. We evaluated the different factors of water contamination from large corporations like Duke Energy. Sociologically, surrounding communities are facing issuesShow MoreRelated The Navigation of Christopher Columbus and the Age of Discovery4963 Words   |  20 Pageswonder at the bold willingness to risk life and limb that was demonstrated by the explorers of this era as they left the safety of the waters and oceans that they knew, to challenge the unknown. 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Saturday, December 14, 2019

Dolls house Free Essays

House by Henrik Ibsen is my favorite play that we read this semester. A main reason I liked this play was because of the writer himself. Ibsen is a realistic writer who took his problems from his day and brought it to life on stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolls house or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Doll’s House deals with where women stand in their marriage and society. Ibsen felt injustice to what society was doing around him. A Doll’s House is about a Married couple named Nora and Torvald. Nora borrows a lot of money from a man named Krogstad , who happened to work for her husband. She did this because when her husband got sick e said that he needed to get out of the country to get better. Nora was only trying to do her best for her husband. She never told him of this loan and has been secretly paying it by saving from her household allowance. Her husband thinks her careless and childlike, and often calls her his doll. When he is appointed bank director, his first act is to relieve a man who was once disgraced for having forged his signature on a document. Krogstad, is the person Nora has borrowed her money. Nora forgot that she forged her father’s signature in order to get the money. Krogstad threatens to reveal Nora’s crime and tell her husband and everyone. Krogstand wants Nora to talk Torvald into keeping his Job. Nora tries to but Torvald thinks of Nora as a child who cannot understand the value of money or business. When Torvald discovers that Nora has forged her father’s name, he is ready to disclaim his wife even though she had done it for him . Nora then tells Torvald she is leaving him and her children. This play was sort of mysterious and interesting. I liked it because it showed how society was a long time ago for women and showed that Nora realized to move on with life and become a independent person which is abnormal in this time period for a women. How to cite Dolls house, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Monitoring Of Blood Glucose Level In Rohan â€Myassignmrthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Monitoring Of Blood Glucose Level In Rohan? Answer: Introducation Proper nutrition should be provided to Rohan which will not exaggerate diabetes condition in him. There should be regular monitoring of the blood glucose level in Rohan. Based on the blood glucose level, modifications should be done in his food. Physical needs: The physical need of Rohan is proper diabetic diet which has been proposed by the doctors. Accounting to her teacher, Rohan and his family are vegetarian and hence not following the diabetic plan, which includes meat. Rohan also needs rigorous physical activity and cyclic insulin uptakewhich will help to reduce his blood sugar level and prevent ketoacidosis. The physical activities will also help him to perform regular developmental activities which other kids of his age would be getting(Joslin and Kahn 2012. Social needs: The prime social needs of Rohan are love, compassion and generosity. His mother is ill and suffering from depression and his father is busy and hence Rohan conducts his own glycemic test and subcutaneousinsulin injection. He is only 9 years old, an age at which children develop identity, and become independent. He must therefore lead a healthy social life so that he does not get isolated. Cultural needs: Rohan and his family are immigrants and hence the main cultural need for Rohan is a friendly environment. The depression of his mother is affecting him also, a friendly environment where he can communicate his thoughts and feelings will be helpful for Rohan to lead a healthy life(Zheng and Chen 2013).Moreover, the embedded cultural beliefs adhered by the Rohansfamily were to be explained to the clinical staff during the preparation of the dietary plan. This factor could have enabledthe clinician to provide an alternative to meat (DeFronzo 2014). Three Priorities for Nursing Care Educate the patient and the family member about the threats of diabetes Rohanis very young to understand the chronicityof Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. His mother is ill and sufferingfrom post-immigrationdepression and his father remains busy all the time. Here it is important for Rohans father to make some time for his family and understand the problems. Rohans teacher who is also concerned about his health must also come forward. Thecommunity nurse will help Rohans father to recover from unfamiliarity and misinterpretation of the information. The nursing interventions will be evidenced by verbal statements of concern or misconceptions centringthe disease and development of the preventable complications(American Diabetes Association 2016). The desired outcomes of such nursing care are active participation in the learning process followed by generation of disease awarenessand correlation of the signs and the symptoms of the disease with adequate explanation. Educate the family about the risk of unstable glucose level in blood Rohanis only 9 years old with three younger sisters and hence the lack of adherence of the diabetes management will solely be directed towards his parents and teachers. The nursing care will involveblood glucose monitoring, timely intake of insulin, regular physical activity (Dunning 2013). The desired outcomes of such treatment will help in identification of the factors leading to the unstable glucose concentration in blood, proper understanding bodys need and maintenance of normal glucose concentration. Counselling Rohans Mother The first steps towards delivering the quality nursing care for immigrants are addressing the heath and the mental needs of the persons. Here, Rohans mother with be thoroughly counselled for post immigration depression and her difficulties with nephritic problems(Lindsay et al 2012). The desired outcomes will help in overcoming depression via getting accustomed with the new country, generation of concern and sympathy for the children and family and capability to express and discuss the problems and gaining confidence to fight against . Strategies to engage with the child and family to develop a trusting relationship: Cultural Safety Theory: Cultural competency care deals with the knowledge, health practices and learning skills that have been designed to support and care people of different ethnicity and cultural background (Hawala-Druy and Hill 2012).It will help Rohan to share his problems to the nurse. Rohanis new to in Australiaand he might be facing a cultural differences in order to share his thoughts and problems with other. Since his mom is ill and his father remains busy, Rohan has no one to discuss his problems. A culturally competent, community nurse will help Rohan to discuss his problem freely.(Lecca et al. 2014).The community nurse will be well aware of the cultural beliefs adhered to by Rohan family andshe will explain thesame to the clinical staff during the preparation of his dietary plan. This factor could have enabled the clinician to provide an alternative to meat (Majumdar2014). Family Centred Care Theory: Patient- and family-centered care therapy can be regarded as an innovative approach to plan, deliver and evaluate the goodness of well being that is grounded over the pillar of mutually beneficial partnership among the patients and their family members. Health care professionals who practice such therapy first try to recognize the vital role that a family plays for the well-being of the childrenand the other family members of all ages. After that, they counsel the family members so that they help each other and perform like a healthy and integrated family. Family centered care therapy most targets the mothers and many reported cases have shown that such family centered therapy has helped the mother to recover from depression and anxiety (Kitson et al. 2013). It will involve counselling of Rohans mother first. Such therapy will eventually help her to get recover from depression and get accustomed with the new environment of Australia. With the help of couns elling she will gradually understand the importance of family and how her family and her children (especially Rohan) are suffering from problems. Her mental recovery will bring sync in the family and will generate trusting relationships between Rohan and other three daughters(Kitson et al. 2013).Therapy will also encompass his father and three sisters and will help them to lead a healthy life in unison. Interpeonal/Communication Theory:focuses on the way the family relationships affect a patient mental and physical health. The therapy use communication as a principal weapon to develop trusting relationships among the family members. This therapy is very useful for the treatment of depression and anxiety (Berger 2014).It will help Rohan to freely communicate with the nurse and discuss his problems with her. Since Rohan is very young, suffering from diabetes and is being forced to take his own medicine, he is bound to suffer from certain mental depression as he has no one to share his problems. His father remains busy most of the time, her mother remains depressed and her three sisters are too young to understand his problem. Communication therapy will help Rohan to recover from his developmental and psychological problems(Rogers 2014).Moreover, Rohan also suffers from developmental defects as he has high level of glucose, the interpersonal therapy will generate synchronization betwee n the family relationship and such synchronization will assist Rohan to fight against his developmental problems via taking proper diet, regular attendance in school, proper physical activity and timely medicine intake. Plan of care Educate the patient and the family member about the threats of diabetes Family holds the sole pillar in the patients life. However, if a family member has encountered with any serious illness, the daily routine and common activities need to be reshuffled. The family must be educated with the symptoms of the disease, side-effects and the possible outcomes. By doing this, family can act as an active hand of support to the patient and will help in speedy recovery by providing mental and physical support. The family support will help in medication adherence and glycemic control (Mayberry and Osborn, 2012). Nursing Intervention and Evaluation Interventions and Effectiveness of Care Interventions to the nursing care plan (Educate the patient and the family member about the threats of diabetes) Intervention / Assessment (1): Identification of the learner: patient/ family member or care giver (Chen et al. 2012) Rationale: In this case, the main learner will be Rohans father and his teacher in school. Rohan lives in a troubled family where his mother is ill and her sisters are much younger than him. So it is the responsibility of the father to learn and gain about the knowledge. Rohans teacher is also concerned with his health however, she is not accustomed with the disease diabetes and hence she will be the second most important learner in this nursing care model. Intervention / Assessment (2): Enabling the patient to open up with the previous experience and health teaching(Inzucchi et al. 2012) Rationale: Rohan has no one to discuss his problem (both mental and physical) so such nursing care program will help Rohan to open up and discuss freely about his problems. Rohan also takes his own insulin and does his own glycemic test and it is very important to evaluate the kind of thought process he pass through while performing such phobic task alone and that too at such a young age Evaluation: The effectiveness of the nursing care will deal with monitoring of blood glucose level and prevention hyper glycemic shock. The care will also adhere to proper diabetic medication, observance of proper dietary plan, participation in active physical activity and spending quality time with family. Reference List American Diabetes Association, 2016. Standards of medical care in diabetes2016 abridged for primary care providers.Clinical diabetes: a publication of the American Diabetes Association,34(1), p.3. Berger, J., 2014. Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research.Journal of Consumer Psychology,24(4), pp.586-607. Chen, S.M., Creedy, D., Lin, H.S. and Wollin, J., 2012. Effects of motivational interviewing intervention on self-management, psychological and glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of nursing studies,49(6), pp.637-644. DeFronzo, R. (2014). International textbook of diabetes mellitus.Chichester: John Wiley. Dunning, T., 2013.Care of people with diabetes: a manual of nursing practice. John Wiley Sons. Hawala-Druy, S. and Hill, M.H., 2012. Interdisciplinary: Cultural competency and culturally congruent education for millennials in health professions.Nurse education today,32(7), pp.772-778. Inzucchi, S.E., Bergenstal, R.M., Buse, J.B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., Peters, A.L., Tsapas, A., Wender, R. and Matthews, D.R., 2012. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).Diabetologia,55(6), pp.1577-1596. Joslin, E. and Kahn, C. (2012).Joslin's diabetes mellitus. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Willkins, p.68. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K. and Zeitz, K., 2013. What are the core elements of patient?centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,69(1), pp.4-15. Kuo, D.Z., Houtrow, A.J., Arango, P., Kuhlthau, K.A., Simmons, J.M. and Neff, J.M., 2012. Family-centered care: current applications and future directions in pediatric health care.Maternal and child health journal,16(2), pp.297-305. Lecca, P.J., Quervalu, I., Nunes, J.V. and Gonzales, H.F., 2014.Cultural competency in health, social human services: Directions for the 21st century. Routledge. LeRoith, D., Olefsky, J. and Taylor, S. (2015). Diabetes Mellitus. Philadelphia: LWW (PE). Lindsay, S., King, G., Klassen, A.F., Esses, V. and Stachel, M., 2012. Working with immigrant families raising a child with a disability: challenges and recommendations for healthcare and community service providers.Disability and rehabilitation,34(23), pp.2007-2017. Majumdar, P., Majumdar, J., Majumdar, J., Banerjee, D. (2014).Cultural Safety Theory (3rd ed.). New Delhi: B. Jain. Poretsky, L. (2010). Principles of diabetes mellitus. New York: Springer, p.4. Rogers, L.E. ed., 2014.Relational communication: An interactional perspective to the study of process and form. Routledge. Zheng, X.P. and Chen, S.H., 2013. Psycho-behavioral changes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.World J Pediat,9(3), pp.261 Social needs: Interventions and Effectiveness of Care Reference List

Friday, November 29, 2019

Compare the use of the absent presence in Havisham, My Last Duchess, Hitcher, and Kid Essay Example

Compare the use of the absent presence in Havisham, My Last Duchess, Hitcher, and Kid Essay In Havisham, the speaker expresses feelings of love and hate towards the absent presence. Beloved sweetheart bastard. Through this powerful oxymoron, we understand that even though he was her lover, he has caused her pain; therefore we see a confused persona who has the two extremes of love and hate instilled in her. Automatically, this oxymoron makes the reader think that the absent presence is evil, but rather than Havisham talking about what act he had committed towards her, she only talks of revenge. then down till I suddenly bite awake. Although she never reveals what he did, the revenge is more effective to the reader because they see her reaction towards him, and understand how much that action affected her. In Kid, the absent presence is also introduced as an enemy. Batman, big shot It is almost as if in both poems the absent presence is being used so that the personas can plead their innocence; the personas never speak of any good actions the absent presence may have done. In Kid, the persona gets their revenge on the absent presence, let the cat out on that caper with the married woman. Robin acquires his revenge by bringing Batmans status down in public, however Havisham never receives that chance; therefore the reader sympathises more with Havisham because she was wronged and could never make even. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare the use of the absent presence in Havisham, My Last Duchess, Hitcher, and Kid specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare the use of the absent presence in Havisham, My Last Duchess, Hitcher, and Kid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare the use of the absent presence in Havisham, My Last Duchess, Hitcher, and Kid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In kid, the absent presence is used because it allows the emotions of Robin to be displayed in full; and the poem remains like a rant at Batman for rejecting Robin. This can also be seen in the structure of the poem where no paragraphing exists which symbolises the fact that Robin is not taking a breath in between his sentences maybe because he is worried that if he pauses, Batman might turn him away again before he has had the chance to finish. Also, the structure displays that Robin is so furious that all his emotions explode out of him. In addition, the end of each sentence rhymes which builds a tremendous pace in the poem assisting the rage of Robin. Thus, it is not a coincidence that Robin opens his outburst using plosives, Batman, big shot.Robin wants it to be obvious that what follows that opening will be in his defence. In Havisham, the structure of the poem is such that it is laid out in four equal length paragraphs. This could be to create the effect that the persona is reflecting on what she is saying, and it doesnt seem like a rant towards the absent presence; however she is fooling herself because the use of enjambment means it is read as one long paragraph. This mirrors the personas own thoughts because she fools herself thinking that she will gain revenge and wishes for it, but never gets a result. Prayed for it so hard Ive dark green pebbles for eyes. The absent presence is almost killing her even though he is not there to cause pain. This connotes precisely how much pain Havisham is experiencing because she is deteriorating at the hands of haunting memories, and she is willing to go through much more just to cause him a small amount of suffering; the absent presence releases her desperation. In both My Last Duchess and Hitcher, the absent presences are presented as nature loving, free people. In My Last Duchess, the Duchess is said to have loved The dropping of the daylight in the west. However the Duke says this in a mocking tone which portrays to the reader that he does not approve of what the absent presence enjoys, and the heavy sound of the ds assist that due to the twist of sarcasm it adds. Similarly in Hitcher, the persona says, He said he was following the sun from the west to east. The absent presence sounds liberated and as though he has no worries. Both personas kill their absent presences as if by routine, and as if it was their right to. In Hitcher, the persona says, I let him have it Once with the head and six times with the Krooklok in the face. The first section of the quote is very ambiguous and emotionless, and then he describes what he did as if he is proud of it, and as though it is something very routine and normal. The repetitive structure of the poem also reflects his routine life which indicates that he is amoral. In My Last Duchess, the Duke says, This grew; I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together. The Duke killed her as though she was his possession and because he felt he had been disrespected. Ironically, the poem is written in rhyming couplets presumably to make the death sound beautiful; but only adds a sadistic twist. One difference is that the Duke still felt betrayed and unhappy about the Duchess disrespecting him, but the persona in Hitcher had almost forgotten that he had just murdered someone. Both personas mock the death of their absent presence. In My Last Duchess, the Duke says, Looking as if she were alive. He says this mockingly and with pride because he feels as though he had gotten his revenge, however she might still appear alive to him because of her vibrant soul that shines out of the painting. In Hitcher, the persona says, Hed said he liked the breeze to run its fingers through his hair. The persona sounds like he is trying to justify his act, but he doesnt need to justify it to anyone because he gives the impression as thought he couldnt care less. The absent presences in My Last Duchess and Hitcher are the innocent ones. The ones in Kid and Havisham are the culprits.

Monday, November 25, 2019

7 Essential Elements to Consider When Writing an International Executive Resume

7 Essential Elements to Consider When Writing an International Executive Resume I had the privilege last Friday of listening to a webinar led by Tim Windhof, an international executive resume/CV writer. Tim explained many of the challenges U.S. and Canadian writers can face when writing these job search documents for an international audience, and how to address those challenges. To write this article, I also leaned on Sandra Ingemansen’s helpful articles posted on CareerDirectors.com on international CV writing. For simplicity’s sake, let’s say for the purposes of this article that â€Å"CV† is just a European term for â€Å"resume.† Don’t worry for now about the academic or scientific CV you might be familiar with in the United States, which might contain a long list of honors, publications, patents, etc. Where should I start when writing an international executive resume? Let’s start with some good news: The basic purpose of a resume or CV is the same everywhere – to sell yourself as a great candidate for the position by highlighting your talents and accomplishments. And the basic elements of an international executive resume are the same no matter where you are. You’ll always have an Experience section, most often in chronological order, and an Education section. Almost all resumes will begin with a Summary section, though as a caveat, I’ve seen many legal professionals who prefer to skip that section. In a multi-cultural world, you could live in one country and want to apply to positions in several others, or in global companies with an American presence. With all these combinations and permutations, you might be called to write a carefully considered â€Å"hybrid† resumes, and you might need an expert to advise you on the best approach. Here are 7 main points to consider if you are applying to a position in a country other than the United States and Canada: 1. Do your research! There is not one binding â€Å"international† resume standard. You can’t safely make any assumptions about what will be appropriate for any given country. For instance, in some countries, such as Germany, a photo, as well as personal details like marital status, number of children, country of citizenship, and birthday, are standard. These details might be included on a cover page. In other countries, including the UK, these personal details should be left out. In Germany there are some very specific requirements for submitting a job application that often comprise 20+ pages of material. And standards are changing rapidly! So make sure you’re up to date before you submit an application. Formats vary between countries, too, trending simpler, with more white space, in countries outside the U.S. The A4 page format is also generally accepted in most non-U.S. countries. CVs tend to be longer than 2 pages in other countries as well, so you don’t need to focus as hard on shortening your resume to 2 pages. In Europe, dates are usually listed down the left-hand column, a practice that is being moved away from in the United States. I repeat: Do your research! Find out what will be accepted, and respected, in the country where you want a job, and follow that standard. 2. C-A-R (Challenge – Action – Results) stories work no matter where you are in the world. But be careful how you write them. While bullets with stories of your executive accomplishments are desirable regardless of country, they should include less detail in other parts of the world than they do in the United States and Canada. This is in part due to confidentiality and non-disclosure regulations, and in part due to cultural differences. Be especially careful not to violate any regulations when sharing specific numbers (dollar amounts and other metrics) in a resume! Furthermore, on international resumes, â€Å"braggy† verbs like â€Å"Propelled,† â€Å"Championed,† and â€Å"Rocketed† work well in the U.S., but would likely be offensive to a reader in Asia or even some areas in Europe. In some countries, you might need to start bullets with nouns instead of verbs, which is also a way to avoid being â€Å"braggy† about your accomplishments. When writing an international executive resume, be sure to emphasize your cross-cultural skills as you share your accomplishments. You absolutely must demonstrate your multi-cultural fluency. 3. Written reference reports might be standard attachments. These reports are regularly provided in some countries and can be up to 2 pages per position. They might be requested to accompany a resume submission. Some of the details of your accomplishments might be covered in these documents, meaning you don’t have to write as much detail in your resume or CV. 4. Language specifics are important! In an international executive resume, it’s essential to be specific – and brutally honest – about your language skills. Are you fluent or proficient? Native speaker? Business or basic level? Written or spoken? Do you have a score on an internationally accepted language exam that you can share? Or, can you use one of the categories in the Common European Framework of References for Languages? Note: If you claim fluency, you will be asked to interview in that language. So don’t stretch the truth. 5. Education – make it universal. Be sure that whatever degree you obtained, you list it in a language equivalent that will be understood in the country you’re applying to work in. You don’t want to undersell or oversell the degree you obtained. Overseas, you will often be served by writing the full span of years in which you attended school, vs. listing only your graduation date. Furthermore, in Europe you will want to include the date of your high school diploma, as recruiters want to see the full timeline of your schooling and whether you took any breaks. 6. Hobbies might be fair game! Don’t be afraid to share hobbies if they are worth noting and good conversation starters. You could find unexpected interest or even commonality with your interviewer! Interests seem especially welcome in international resumes, though they can sometimes be a boon in a U.S. resume as well. I’m pretty sure I once got a job offer because I could recite Dr. Seuss’s â€Å"The Sneetches† from memory. 7. Citizenship and Immigration Status In an international executive resume, your country of citizenship and your ability to work in the country where you’re applying are essential to include on your resume. If you are an executive with a Blue Card, be sure to include that status up front and center. The most important lesson we can learn here (which I am repeating again) is the importance of doing your research! If you’re targeting a position outside of your home country, you need to conform to the proper standards in order to be taken seriously. As Sandra Ingemansen so aptly points out, â€Å"Taking notice of these subtleties lets employers know that if an applicant is the type of person willing to go above and beyond on a job search campaign, then so will she be on the job as well.† Want to look at sample international executive resumes? Check out Brenda Bernstein’s TORI Award Winning International Executive Resume and other TORI Award winning resumes.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Family values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family values - Essay Example These values include unabated and unflinching love and affection among the family members, and extreme care and concern for the fulfilment of all the needs and requirements of the members. â€Å"The family is an intimate social setting where the child first experiences love, care and attention that eventually help in launching him/her into the bigger environment.† (Cruz et al., 2011:3) Hence, it is the moral obligation of the members to abide by these values for the strengthening of the family unit. If any member is in some trouble, or suffering from mental agony, illness or physical problem, the entire family should remain deeply worried till the solution of the problem as well as till his convalescence from the ailment. Another distinguished family value to be followed is the mutual respect and unity, which is rare in any other social institution. The enemy of one member should vehemently be considered as the rival of the entire family, and all members should look down upon him with great hatred and abhorrence. Furthermore, head of family, mostly the father, should work hard to provide financial support to the entire family unit, so that family members could lead a respectable and comfortable life in society. Mother should pay due heed in the brought up, nutrition and socialization of the children. She should also offer her professional services to generate money for the family at the hour of need. Family members must maintain deep feelings of respect and regard for one another. The family values urge the children to remain obedient and complying to the commands of the elders, and always observe honesty, devotion, kindness, compassion and dedication to all family members. Family values motivate the members to exercise generosity and emotional support to others, and forgive the others provided they consciously or unconsciously are hurt by the words or actions of others. Hence, the concepts like deceit, dishonesty,

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Child Protective Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Protective Services - Essay Example It is essential to discuss some concepts that this body assumes in undertaking their tasks before discussing its roles. They state that it is the duty of the parents to take care of a child various needs. These needs range from mental needs, medical needs, emotional needs and physical needs (Connolly 60). This is aligned with the ideology that children are best looked after in their family units. Incapability of parents to meet these needs may be attributed to their own problems like mental diseases and drug abuse. The CPS performs its roles in processes (Lonne 76). The agency is charged with the responsibility of obtaining reports about suspected abuse cases. Reporting of cases is, therefore, a mandate of the public and the body’s workers. In the next stage, the case facts are sought. The case is thus weighed to meet the body’s standard of maltreatment (Depantills and Dubowitz 100). Thereafter, the nature of the family is assessed to establish the cause of abuse or neglect. Future risks of abuse are evaluated at this stage. From that stage, the child protection team links with the family in reducing the likelihood of future abuse. They can alternatively involve a court process where the situation becomes unmanageable at the family level. In conclusion, it should be noted that the agency cannot fulfill these functions by itself. This is partly because their powers are limited (Seghal 267). It must involve the court process in scenarios that necessitate the same law intervention. This means it cannot prosecute the offenders of the abused child. It cannot also provide a valid report if it does not involve health care professionals. This, however, does not compromise its main role of treating the affected

Monday, November 18, 2019

Global Fashion insights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Fashion insights - Essay Example The essay "Global Fashion insights" analyzes the fashion insights. Included also in the visual display are the different roles that each group member plays in the general success of the project in this fashion design class. The visual display also details the design of the project including recommendations and future improvements that are t be adjusted. An all dying process is included in the visual display that will be presented o the viewer on this trade fair show. The process of sewing together the different elements of the project are also included in the visual display. For our project, our group was also going to need a table for the purposes of setting up the stage for presentation. I detailed the design of the table in the visual display of the company. Last but not least, in included he names of the various sources of help that our group sort after. Parody is a local company that is composed of a team of students with the aim of providing tank tops to the various customers h at are in need f t. To enhance the group’s work, in set up a video to display the various elements that are indeed critical to the success of this project in the trade show. Visual display of this product is critical to the success of this project since it makes it easier to explain and distribute the video material to a wider audience. This visual display begins y detailing the name of or group members, the name of the project, he purpose of the project, the target group for our project, the source of raw materials for our project.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Demonstrating Omniscience Omnipotence And The Omnipresence Of God Religion Essay

Demonstrating Omniscience Omnipotence And The Omnipresence Of God Religion Essay The objective of this research paper is to demonstrate the omnipotence, omniscience and omnipresence of God and how these relate to the life and ministry of the Lord Jesus. The entire Bible from Genesis to Revelation does mention on the Omnipotence, Omnipresence and Omniscience of God. This paper will walk us through first from the OT, NT and then the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. In the beginning of creation in Gen 1:1-3, when He created the world, it shows God is Omnipotence, In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. It shows. He is the all-powerful Lord who has created all things and sustains them by the Word of His power. The Bible reveals that God is all powerful and in the final sense is the ruler of history and nature. Omnipotent in the Old Testament and New Testament Omnipotence refers to Gods unlimited power. In the Old Testament, El Shaddai is translated Almighty God (Gen 17:1; Job 5:17). God is descried as performing natural wonders (Gen 1:1-3; Isa 44:24; Heb 1:3) and spiritual wonders (2 Cor 4:6; Eph 1:9; 3:20). In Gen 18:14, God is able to create new thing and nothing is impossible to Him. Then in Ps 115:3, He does whatever pleases him. And in Ezek 36:26, He is able to create a new heart. God manifestation acts include creation, nature, history, providence, and redemption. Thus in Daniel 4:35; Amos 9:2, 3 show that nothing evades Gods omnipotence. It is also demonstrated by the work of the Holy Spirit, in Scripture compared to wind, water, and fire: The ordinary manifestations of these elements afford no criterion of the effect they are able to produce. Wind Pentecost was the analogue of the wind Spirit, who bore everything before Him on the first day of creation (Gen 1:2; Eze 37:10; John 3:8; Acts 2:2). The power of resurrection John 11:25; Rom 1:4; Eph 1:19-20. God cannot do that which is self-contradictory or contradictory to His own nature, because His omnipotence is of His own essence, and He is all-Being out which all existence must arise. Gods omnipotence is also revealed in Philippians 1:21 because we read that He is able to subdue all things. We see Paul rejoicing in Romans 8:32-39 because, if God is for us, then who can be against us? God is not limited in what He can do and nothing can overpower God. Furthermore, there is nothing that God cannot overpower. Hence it is written in Colossians 2:9-10, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Christ, who is the head over every power and authority. Omnipotent in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ In the life and ministry of Jesus Christ, He demonstrates that he had all authority of heaven and earth Matt 28:18, Then Jesus came to them and said, All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ And in Mark 2:5, 7, 10 states that Jesus had the power to forgive sins, something only God can do. In the New Testament the great embodiment of this redemptive omnipotence is the resurrection of believers (Matt 22:29; Mk. 12:24) and specifically the resurrection of Christ (Rom 4:17, 21, 24; Eph 1:19ff). Gods power is evidenced in the whole process of redemption (Mat 19:26; Mk 10:27; Rom 8:31; Eph 3:7, 20; 1 Pet 1:5; Rev 11:17). Further in Matt 3:9, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. Again, He has the power to create new things. Omniscience in OT (Look up in dictionary) Omniscience refers to Gods superior knowledge and wisdom, His power to know all things. God is the Lord who knows our thoughts from afar. He is acquainted with all our ways, knowing our words even before they are on our tongues (Ps 139:1-6, 13-16). He needs to consult no one for knowledge or understanding (Is 40:13-14). He is the all-knowing Lord who prophesies the events of the future, including the death and resurrection of His Son (Isa 53) and return of Christ at the end of this age when death will be finally overcome (Rom 8:18-39; 1 Cor 15:51-57). Only the all knowing and all powerful God can guarantee real freedom from sin, decay, and death. He can begin a process of change in believers during the present age; where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty (2 Cor 3:17). Nelsons New Illustrated Bible Dictionary, General Editor. Ronald F. Youngblood. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1986. Scripture declares that Gods eyes run everywhere, in orther words God watches and knows everything (Job 24:23; Psalms 33:13-15; 139:13-16; Proverbs 15:3; Hebrews 4:13; Jeremiah 16:17; Daniel 2:22; and Ezekiel 11:5). He searches all hearts and observes everyones ways (1 Samuel 16:7; 1 Kings 8:39; 1 Chronicles 28:9; Psalms 139:1-6, 23; Jeremiah 17:10; Luke 16:15; Romans 8:27; Revelations 2:23) in other words, he knows everything and everybody all the time. Also, he knows the future no less than the past and the present, and possible events that ever happen no less than actual events that do ( 1 Samuel 23:9-13; 2 Kings 13:19; Psalm 81:14-15; Isaiah 48:18). (God understand all things. His understanding is limitless. It cannot measure). All His knowledge is always immediately and directly before his mind (Psalm 147:5; Isaiah 46:9-10; Psalms 139:1-6; Isaiah 40:13-14; 28: cf. Romans 11:33-36 look through). In Job 23:10, and Psalm 103:14 talk about God knowing our needs. In Gen 16:13, God is referred to as the God who sees. Prov 15:3 teaches: The eyes of the Lord are everywhere, keeping watch on the wicked and the good. Similarly, Ps 34:15 affirms, The eyes of the Lord are on the righteous and his ears are attentive to their cry. Job realized: Gods eyes are on the ways of men; he sees their every step. There is no dark place no deep shadow where evildoers can hide. (34:22-23). God is described in Zech3:9 as having 7 eyes to illustrate his omniscience, and the prophet Ezekiel depicted God as having eyes all around him (Ez 1:18). And in the Gospel of Luke, Jesus affirmed, Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten (12:6). Gods omniscience is seen in Acts 5, Ananias and Sapphira. When Ananias brings the gift, God had seen right through his pretense. No one would know, they thought. And in Hebrew 4:13; teaches that nothing is hidden from God. All we do and think is uncovered, and displayed before God to whom we must give account. http//Churchlayman.wordpress.com Acts 15:18; Rev 2:23, Psalms 33:13, Jeremiah 38:17-20, Romans 4:17, Job 34:22-23; Ps 139; Omniscience in the life and Ministry of Jesus The omniscient God sent an angel to the mother of our Lord to reveal a specific program. Do not be afraid, Mary, you have found favor with God. You will be with child and give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the son of the Most High. The Lord will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever; his kingdom will never end (Luke 1:30-33). The bible declares that Jesus was indeed omniscient. Jesus demonstrated it in the NT is the Sermon on the Mount. In Matthew 6 Jesus was talking about the lilies of the field and warned his disciples not to worry because He knows that we need them and He will take care of them. He knew specific details about a womans life whom He had never met (John 4:16-19). He also had all knowledge about Nathaniel in John 1:47-49. In Matthew 17:27 about Jesus knowing of a certain coin in a fishs mouth before the fish is caught! Jesus Christ had knowledge of specific details about His own death. Then in Matthew 16:21, Jesus said that He would go to Jerusalem, suffer many things at the hands of the scribes and the elders, be killed, and then be resurrected the third day. He repeats this prophecy in Matthew 20:19. In John 13:1; Matthew 12:26, and Mark 8:17 proofs that Jesus knowledge in these instances is that of his human intellect. We will be able to realize that Jesus is indeed omniscient. In Matthew 17:27, Jesus knew that the first fish that Peter will catch will have a piece of money in its mouth that they could use to pay the temple tax. In John 2:25 goes so far as to assert the omniscience of Jesus, he did not need mans testimony, for he knew what was in a man. Then in John 1:47, Jesus knew Nathanael is a man in whom there is no guile! Jesus also knew that the Samaritan woman whom he met at the well in S amaria has no husband (John 4:17-18). Jesus also knew that it will be Judas Iscariot who is going to betray him and that he also knew Peter will deny him thrice (Mark 14:3). John 16:30, His disciples recognized His omniscience. Matthew 16:21; 17:22; 20:18-19; 26:1-2, His prediction of His death demonstrate His omniscience Matthew 24:36 says But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven but my father only. This verse has been a century of debate among leaders of religious groups and has raised controversy as to the Omniscience of Jesus. Even theologians have diverse stands on this issue. It is therefore important to look back at the nature two natures of Jesus: his human and divine nature. With this, we can say that if Jesus does not know the time of his return, it does not mean that it contradicts his omniscience, which is attributed to his divine nature. Matthew 11:21-23 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Jesus knew what Tyre and Sidon would have done had the gospel been preached to them. OMNIPRESENCE IN OLD TESTAMENT AND NEW TESTAMENT http://allanturner.com/omni.html Allan Turner Omnipresence a theological term that refers to the unlimited nature of God or His ability to be everywhere at all times. God is not like the manufactured idols of ancient cultures that were limited to one altar or temple area. God reveals Himself in the Bible as the Lord who is everywhere. God was present as Lord in all creation (Ps 139:7-12) and there is no escaping Him. He is present in our innermost thoughts. Even as we are formed in the womb, He knows all the days of our future. God sees in secret and rewards in secret, as Jesus taught His disciples; He looks not only on outward actions, but especially on the inner attitudes of a persons heart (Matt 6:1-18). Because God is the Creator and Sustainer of time and space, He is everywhere. Being everywhere, He is our great Comforter, Friend and Redeemer. Nelsons New Illustrated Bible Dictionary, General Editor. Ronald F. Youngblood. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1986. Omnipresence means God is everywhere present. Omnipresence may be defined as God, in the totality of his essence, without diffusion or expansion, multiplication or division, penetrates and fills the universe in all its parts. Paul Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology. Page 194. In Ps 139:7-16; Prov 15:3; Jere 23:23, 24; Amos 9:2; Dt 4:39; 10:14 explains the omnipresence of God. Although sometimes Omnipresence emphasizes His immanence, it frequently contents itself with affirming the universal extent of Gods power and knowledge. Page 596 Bromiley. The God who is eternal, and therefore not limited by time, is omnipresent, and not limited by space (Psalm 139:7-16; Proverbs 15:3; Jeremiah 23:23, 24). This means that the unlimited God in His whole being is present at every point of our space. Perhaps a better way to express Gods omnipresence is to say that all space is immediately present before Him. Gods omnipresence does not prevent Him from manifesting Himself in a localized place. In fact, although His self-existent, eternal, and infinite Being is present to all of space equally, He has, on occasion, entered space at specific points and become present in it for a specific purpose. These theophanies, as they are called, most often involved redemption. For example, the pillar of cloud bearing the glory of God that appeared before the Israelites (Exodus 33:9; 40:34; I Kings 8:10ff) is but one example of such a case. Page 596 Bromiley. Gods presence is not confined to a certain sanctuary; it follows that He can be simultaneously in heaven and on earth. Page 596. Of course, the most dramatic incident of God entering time and space was the incarnation itself (John 1:14; I Timothy 3:16). Consequently, Jesus was called Immanuel, or God with us (Matthew 1:23). But, in entering time and space, God, in His self-existent, eternal, and infinite Being, did not cease to be omnipresent. He was, in fact, still present to every point of space, holding everything together by the word of His power (Colossians 1:17; Hebrews 1:3; Acts 17:24-28). Another example of God interjecting Himself into time and space would be the coming of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost (Acts 2:1-4), as well as His indwelling of the body of every Christian (I Corinthians 6:19). In Ps 139:7-10, David exclaims that He cannot flee from the presence of the Holy Spirit; if he ascends to heaven, He is there; if he descends into the depths of the earth, the Spirit is there also. Even if he could fly away swiftly, he could not escape the presence of the Spirit. Omnipresence in the life and Ministry of Jesus The Omnipresence of Jesus demonstrates the Omnipresence of God. Bromiley says that Gods omnipresence is closely related to His omnipotence and omniscience: that He is everywhere enables Him to act everywhere and to know all things, and conversely, through omnipotent action and omniscience knowledge. page 595. As stated in Matt 28:19-20, In giving the great Commission, Jesus commanded his disciples to go as witnesses everywhere, even to the end of the earth, and he would be with them to the end of the age. Indicate that he is not limited either by space or by time. Only God has the ability to be everywhere at once, yet Jesus Christ claims this ability. . Then in Matthew 18:20, He says, For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them. Further in John 14:17, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. Christs indwelling of every believer demands that He is omnipresent. The omnipresence of the Spirit is also taught in John 14:17 where Christ taught the disciples that the spirit would dwell them all, an affirmation of the Spirits omnipresence. In fact, it is evidently the omnipresence of God with us that is the subject of John 3:13, which says, No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of God who is in heaven. Remember, these words were being spoken by Jesus Himself while manifested here on this earth in the person of Jesus Christ. Recognizing that Jesus has a human nature as well as a divine nature, it should be stated that in His Humanity He is localized in heaven, but in His deity He is omnipresent. The doctrine of omnipresence is a comfort to the believer who recognizes that no calamity can befall him that God is not present with Him and assures the believer that God is at hand to save in every place where there is any form of danger. It is also a warning to the disobedient person that he cannot escape the presence of God. How Omnipotence, Omniscience and Omnipresence relate to: Relate to Acts 2: 1-4, When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. Base on the above scripture, we can see the Omnipotence and Omnipresence of the Spirit of God manifested on the day of Pentecost. As the Breath or wind is a symbol of the Spirit of God. The coming of the Spirit and fire symbolize the divine presence of God. When they were filled with the Holy Spirit, they began speaking in other tongues. It symbolize Gods unlimited power enables them to speak in several languages. Then in John 8:24 I told you that you would die in your sins; if you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be, you will indeed die in your sins. Thus from the above scripture Jesus Knew (Omniscience) what will happen to those who do not believe in Him and that they would die in their sins. Philippians 2 Imitating Christs Humility CONCLUSION BIOLOGRAPHY Millard J. Erickson. Christian Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1989. A.H, Strong Systematic Theology Wayne Grudem. Systematic Theology : An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994. Thomas C. Oden. Systemic Theology. Volume One: The Living God. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2006. Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Gen. Editor. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Volumes Three: K-P. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Merrill C. Tenny. Gen Editor. The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible. Volume Four: M-P. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing Houseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Paul Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Essays -- History Cub

The Role of Afro-Cubans in the Formation of Cuba Introduction In the formation of the Cuban nation, the role of Afro-Cubans is undeniably of great importance. The success and riches obtained by Cuba as a Spanish colony would have been unthinkable without the exploitation of African slave labor. Even before emancipation, there were key figures in the Cuban independence movement, such as Antonio Maceo, who were free men of Afro-Cuban origin. After emancipation in 1886, Afro-Cuban ex-slaves showed their enthusiasm for their future in Cuba by volunteering in large numbers to fight in the Liberation Army. Yet in the victory over the Spanish in 1898, Afro-Cubans were given little recognition for their overwhelming support, and were bypassed for positions of authority during the American occupation. The Americans generally appointed white Cuban exiles or Spanish soldiers over Afro-Cubans, destroying the hopes many had of finally receiving their "rightful share", in the words of historian Aline Helg. Helg’s book Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuba n Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912, discusses these repeated disappointments felt by Afro-Cubans. In 1902 Cubans were at last free to govern themselves, and a constitution was drafted declaring all men equal, and granting universal male suffrage. Yet whites still dominated the positions of power in Cuba, and justified themselves by adhering to a myth that racial equality had been established (Helg, 70). Dissatisfied with their lot, Afro-Cubans again participated in large numbers in a revolution, this time under the liberal Jose Miguel Gomez, who promised them improved representation in government positions. Following the disappointment surrounding the 1908 elections, Afro-Cubans began to d... ...top sacrificing everything for the good of Cuba. They had to love themselves and recognize their personal value; then they had to love their families, then, their race; and then, only after all this, their homeland" (241). The myth, or maybe ideal of racial equality and unity had been forgotten. The failure of Afro-Cubans to attain equality in Cuba was the result of a racist societal hierarchy dominated by a white upper class. The more Afro-Cubans pushed for reforms, the more whites resisted. Eventually, Afro-Cuban tactics became more radical, which led to the violent response to the Partido Independiente de Color. The ideal of fraternity between the races, held by the Cuban revolutionary heroes Maceo and Marti, was not able to survive. Resources Helg, Aline. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912. UNC Press, Chapel Hill, 1995.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Estella Essay

Estella, with her long brown hair and her beautiful complex was admired by many. While she was perceived as a beautiful young woman by Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham’s adopted daughter in the novel Great Expectations, was cold hearted due to Miss Havisham’s broken heart, not of her choosing. Estella, Pip’s love interest, shows her cold- heartedness both as a young girl and young woman. Estella stated â€Å"You must know that I have no heart† (Dickens ) to Pip the first time they met, revealing her cruel nature. In many cases Estella manipulates boys’ minds leaving them confused and defenseless. For example when she kisses Pip on one of their first visits, Pip’s love towards her grows. However, Estella continues to be cruel towards him by acting as if the kiss was meaningless. As she grows older Estella’s cruelty continues towards Pip, and right when Pip thought he might have had a chance, Estella was already married. Estella’s wicked ways towards Pip proves she is cold-hearted, but instead of running away he continues to be utterly in love with her. This hard heart was not inborn but instead it was developed from a young age. Estella is cruel and she was raised to be this way. Prior to her wedding, broken-hearted Miss Havisham adopted Estella. And the older Estella grew, the more she was taught to despise those of the opposite gender. For example when Pip had come over to play cards with Estella, Miss Havisham whispered into Eestella’s ear to break his heart. As the same message to be cruel carried on throughout her childhood, it no longer was what she needed to act as, but it was what she had become. Estella’s appearances may fool people but her cruelness overpowers her beauty in many ways. Although she may not have chosen to be this way, her cold- hearted thoughts and comments still hurt the people that love her, especially Pip. Estella may be kind at times but overall she is cold-hearted and very cruel to most people, leaving her despised by most.

Friday, November 8, 2019

An Analysis on Confirmation by Charlie Parker essays

An Analysis on Confirmation by Charlie Parker essays The only child of Charles and Addie Parker, Charlie Parker was one of the most important and influential saxophonists and jazz players of the 1940's. Charlie Parker, also named "Bird", was born on August 29, 1920 in Kansas City, Kansas. He was one of the major forces in the creation of modern jazz known as Bebop, a form of jazz which was created as a revolt against the restrictions on creative freedom - typical of the big bands of the era. Parker's tone and approach on the alto saxophone, as well as his musical ideas have been followed, understood, adopted, and imitated by performers of all jazz instruments. During this time, two other individuals, Dizzy Gillespie and Thelonious Monk, began following Parker in a similar approach to the new form of music. Basically, they began playing the form of A-A-B-A, or the 12-bar blues pattern. The piece of music that I chose to analyze is the Confirmation, by Charlie Parker (1953). In addition to Parker's alto sax, there are three other instruments being played in this piece: piano, upright bass, and drums. Each of these accompaniments plays an important role in the piece since they provide a harmonic foundation which provides the alto saxophone a richer, more distinguished, and tangible sound. This piece begins in a G major with a 5 second introduction by the piano, while right after the first measure, it leaves the G major and goes to relative minors such as E minor, D minor and C minor. Finally, at the end of the piece, it returns to G major again. In general, the signature of the piece keeps changing which makes it hard for the audience to predict how the music will go. As a result of this the audience is made to focus their attention all the way to the end. For the first 5 seconds, it sounds like the texture of the piece is homophony, but it changes when Parker starts to play to polyphony. Although it is obvious that at most times more than two instruments are being played, eac...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on The Disney Way Of Life

â€Å"The happiest place on earth.† This phrase has been used to describe the Disney theme parks all over the world: Orlando, Florida; Anaheim, California; Paris, France; and Tokyo, Japan. Happy music plays, happy characters greet you, and happy workers clean up happy trash. For decades, children have been ecstatic to ride the teacups, have breakfast with the characters, and meet the famous mouse that started the entire Disney industry. Since the beginning, Disney has grown to gargantuan proportions with its numerous outlet stores, movies, and merchandise as well as its connections with other big companies such as AT&T and many television and movie industries. Disney has, in a sense, taken the real world by storm with the joyful world it has created. â€Å"The Wonderful World of Disney† is nothing more than a failed attempt to make the world a pretty, blissful place. Even worse is its attempt to create a carefree, secure, jolly city where the residents would have nothing at all to worry about. This has proven that Disney is on the long list of failed utopias. â€Å"Utopia† is defined as â€Å"the word for a perfect or ideal place- especially one with an ideal social or political system†(The Learning Kingdom). Many authors have tried to convey the idea of a perfect world through their writings. The term comes from Sir Thomas More’s 1516 book Utopia in which he described an ideal place that didn’t exist. He derived the word from the Greek roots ou (not) and topos (place), so â€Å"utopia† literally means â€Å"no place.† More knew this place could not exist, and named it appropriately. All throughout history, people have tried to create ideal ways of life. â€Å"Whereas once the inclination to imagine alternative socie... Free Essays on The Disney Way Of Life Free Essays on The Disney Way Of Life â€Å"The happiest place on earth.† This phrase has been used to describe the Disney theme parks all over the world: Orlando, Florida; Anaheim, California; Paris, France; and Tokyo, Japan. Happy music plays, happy characters greet you, and happy workers clean up happy trash. For decades, children have been ecstatic to ride the teacups, have breakfast with the characters, and meet the famous mouse that started the entire Disney industry. Since the beginning, Disney has grown to gargantuan proportions with its numerous outlet stores, movies, and merchandise as well as its connections with other big companies such as AT&T and many television and movie industries. Disney has, in a sense, taken the real world by storm with the joyful world it has created. â€Å"The Wonderful World of Disney† is nothing more than a failed attempt to make the world a pretty, blissful place. Even worse is its attempt to create a carefree, secure, jolly city where the residents would have nothing at all to worry about. This has proven that Disney is on the long list of failed utopias. â€Å"Utopia† is defined as â€Å"the word for a perfect or ideal place- especially one with an ideal social or political system†(The Learning Kingdom). Many authors have tried to convey the idea of a perfect world through their writings. The term comes from Sir Thomas More’s 1516 book Utopia in which he described an ideal place that didn’t exist. He derived the word from the Greek roots ou (not) and topos (place), so â€Å"utopia† literally means â€Å"no place.† More knew this place could not exist, and named it appropriately. All throughout history, people have tried to create ideal ways of life. â€Å"Whereas once the inclination to imagine alternative socie...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 133

Assignment Example However, it is worth observing the fact that despite the crisis, for the Neo-Classics, they responded through defending their position and even made it clear that the crisis was a confirmation of their view. It is understandable that the disunity amongst economists become more pronounced after the economic and the financial crisis mainly due to the resemblance of the recent financial crisis to the great depression of 1930s in both policy orientation and on doctrine issues. During the principle policy problem of the 1930s was unemployment which was then traced to rigidities which prevented the free working of the capitalist system and it was then determined that the major rigidity was obstruction too the downward movement of wages, making the crisis a matter of confidence which could not find cure either on fiscal or monetary expansion. Looking at the current crisis, it is evident that the crisis was triggered by the collapse in the banking system which was a big wake up call for the Neo-classical mainstream economists as it was a clear proof of ill preparation for the crisis owing to the cold shoulder extended to the financial sector. However, on the other hand, the New Keynesians and the New Institutional Economists were presented with the first opportunity to employ the use of fiscal and monetary expansion to halt the contraction of the financial sector. Therefore, theoretically, as a matter of fact, neither economics nor the special branch of economic history is capable is capable of doing its work entirely without help from the neo-classical theory. The last quarter a century has seen the economy-environmental dynamic become subject to the concept of the environment and humans. The last decade has seen an increase in alarming abuse of and exerting of excessive pressure on the environment resulting into a devastation on a grand scale most notably in the developing countries. Most of these instances have

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Macro Eco Problem SET Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macro Eco Problem SET - Coursework Example The government hiring more police officers will bring a new service in the industry, which will translate to increase in GDP. Finally, increase in monetary transfers to the poor by the government was never accounted in the previous year hence will affect the GDP. Q9) Credits cards cannot be referred to as money. One can have a credit card but if the account has no cash, the holder cannot access cash. They cannot therefore be referred to as money hence the name plastic money. Checks on the other hand are also not money. Money can be used any time the holder wishes to do so. For checks, they can only be usable during maturity and after confirmation by the bank of their validity. Q10) By the bank keeping five percent in reserves and lending out money, the bank creates money. Through the interest rates charged to the borrower, the bank creates money. Assuming interest charged on borrowers is twelve percent, the bank will gain as shown

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Michelangelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Michelangelo - Essay Example Michelangelo spent a year with Ghirlandaio, and then his apprenticeship was broken off. He got access to the collection of ancient Roman sculpture of the ruler of Florence, Lorenzo de’Medici. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo’s family and became like a son to him. The death of Lorenzo in 1492 was a very painful moment in the artist’s life. Soon after Lorenzo died the Medici family lost power and Michelangelo had to flee to Bologna. About the same time Michelangelo studied anatomy at the hospital Santo-Spirito, which helped him a lot in becoming a great sculptor as we know him. Michelangelo created his fist sculpture at the age of 17. That was the Battle of the Centaurs. In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome and spent five years there. We do not know much of his life and work at that period of time. There he carved a statue of Bacchus for a bankers garden of ancient sculpture. â€Å"This is Michelangelos earliest surviving large-scale work, and his only sculpture meant to be viewed from all sides.†(Michelangelo Biography, para.5) In 1498 he carved Pieta (pieta is a type of image in which Mary supports the dead body of Christ across her knees), which is now in St. Peter’s Cathedral. When Michelangelo returned to his hometown – Florence - in 1501, he was recognized as the most talented sculptor of the central Italy. He started carving the statue of David for Florence cathedral. â€Å"In the David Michelangelo first displayed that quality of _terribilità  _, of spirit-quailing, awe-inspiring force, for which he afterwards became so famous†¦ He was, however, far from having yet adopted those systematic proportions for the human body which later on gave an air of monotonous impressiveness to all his figures. On the contrary, this young giant strongly recalls the model; still more strongly indeed than the Bacchus did. Wishing perhaps to adhere strictly to the Biblical story, Michelangelo studied a lad whose frame was not developed."(Symonds,

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The Importance of Being Earnest, Marriage and Respectability Download this essay Print Save Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Being Earnest, Marriage and Respectability Download this essay Print Save Essay In the Victorian times respectability was very important and you were only really respected if you were in the Upper Class. An example of this is in Act 1 when Lady Bracknell is questioning Jack Worthing about his life, upbringing and income. She starts off by telling Jack that she has the same list as the dear Duchess of Bolton, so she is instantly trying to make Jack respect her and almost worry that he isnt good enough for Gwendolen and therefore her questions might be personal and therefore he might just want to go and not waste her time. The way she talks by talking about her own personal opinion about the question she is about to ask before she has asked it, so its almost pressurising Jack into saying a similar answer to stay on her good side. But the way she talks shows how she thinks she more important than Jack and she is trying to find faults. When she starts asking about his housing she asks where and what number Jack lives at and when he replies 149 she shakes her head, saying The unfashionable side. I thought there was something. This shows that she has been trying to find faults, maybe because she does not think he born in to a high enough class to be allowed to marry Gwendolen. When she does find a major fault she sounds disgusted as her sentences have become just a word or two long. Found, A handbag?. As Jack has some faults Lady Bracknell basically says no, you cant marry Gwendolen because she doesnt think that he has enough respect to become her son-in-law as he might end up with people not having as much respect for Lady Bracknell. Although when Lady Bracknell finds out about Cecily Cardew, his ward, she instantly has respect for her, because while she was questioning Jack about her she asked whether Miss Cardew has any little fortune but when she finds out that Cecily has about a hundred and thirty thousand pounds in the Funds, Lady Bracknell sounds shocked that a young girl is to be in possession of that amount of money, she then almost turns back on all she had previously said by going Miss Cardew seems to me a most attractive young lady, now that I look at her. Although near the end of the play you discover that before Lady Bracknell married Lord Bracknell she had no fortune of any kind, when you read this you discover that Lady Bracknell would have had no respect and throughout the play she has been hypocritical towards the other characters. This also shows Lady Bracknells views on marriage as she is very reluctant to let Gwendolen marry Jack, as she doesnt think he is respected enough nor has enough money to be part of her family. So basically Lady Bracknells views on marriage are that the parents must choose the husband of their daughter, and make sure that he is respectable, has a good fortune, well known family background and many homes in expensive areas. Although it turns out that Lady Bracknell would have previously hoped that the families she hoped to marry into wouldnt mind the fact that she was poor and had no respect. It also shows that since she has married Lord Bracknell she has been influenced to think the opposite to what she would have done previously. Algernons views on marriage arent very good at the beginning of the play as he thinks that a man that marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it, and that in married life three is company and two is none. So basically Algernons imaginary invalid friend Bunbury has been made up so if he ever does marry he can escape his wife and family and see other women as he would tell his wife that Bunbury is under the weather, therefore the three is company and two is none is just simply saying that you can get easily bored with having just woman in his life, but having two is different and you can alternate between two women. Also at the beginning of the play Algernon asks his servant Lane why it is that at a bachelors establishment the servants invariably drink the champagne, Lane replies by saying that the quality is better in a bachelors house than in married households as in married households, there are other things the man has to spend his money on like wife and children , so the quality of champagne isnt as expensive or of a first-rate brand. After that Algernon thinks that married life is an unpleasant experience as he has to spend more money, and the champagne isnt as high quality. Later on in the play, towards the end Algernon stands up to his Aunt Augusta (Lady Bracknell) by saying that he doesnt care a twopence about social possibilities, so Algernon is saying that he doesnt mind if he looses respect by marrying Cecily because he loves her. He has also killed off Bunbury by this point, I think maybe because he has never been in love properly before, and he always thought that marriage was a bad thing, but his family would expect him to get married, therefore he created Bunbury so he could still leave a bachelor style life on the side. But by killing Bunbury its made you feel that Algernon is serious about marriage and wants to be with one woman, Cecily. I also feel that near the end of the play when it is discovered that Jack is really Algernons older brother, he has become a bit jokey with Jack as he calls him old boy, but I think that Algernon feels that he is in a higher class than Jack still, even though they are brothers as he then calls him my dear boy, so Algernon isnt treating Jack with much respect there. I feel that Algernon likes to be respected, but doesnt like to respect other people. Gwendolen is mainly respected because she is part of the Bracknell family, who seem to be rich with a large house, and her mother wants the best for her. She is also old fashioned when it comes to a marriage proposal, as Jack says we must get married at once and although Gwendolen has practically said yes she insists that Jack proposes properly by getting down on one knee and asking Gwendolen, will you marry me? Of course Gwendolen says yes. We learn that when Gwendolen was a little girl she had dreams of marrying someone called Ernest, and thinks that the only safe name is Ernest. She also mentions that the first time she heard that Algernon, her cousin, had a friend named Ernest, she knew she was destined to love him. Although Gwendolen isnt the most intelligent woman as she really doesnt care about money, appearance or lifestyle, as long as the man she is with is called Ernest. Cecily is very similar to Gwendolen as she also had a childhood dream of marrying a man named Ernest. She also doesnt care about how much money or power the man has as long as Ernest is his name. When she found out that Jack had a brother named Ernest she was excited and interested about meeting him, and had already decided that they were engaged. Cecily has also planned out what Ernest (Algernon) has given her, this is the little bangle with the true lovers knot I promised you always to wear, this is the box in which I keep all your dear letters. Cecily have sent herself gifts and letters pretending that she herself is Ernest and has kept them all, when Ernest sees all these treasures he seems quite shocked but doesnt want to hurt Cecily, because his main intention is to marry her.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Handedness and Lateralization

Handedness and Lateralization Handedness and Lateralization Cortical Organisation and Lateralization Of The Brain In Handedness And Dominance According to Annett most people in our society define handedness as the hand that you use for writing (1970). Researchers define handedness as the hand that performs faster or specifically on physical tests. Paul Broca (1979), suggested that a persons handedness was opposite from that specialised hemisphere (so a right-handed person probably has a left-hemispheric language specialization). However, a majority of left-hemispheric brain specialise for language abilities. Many researchers have try to this correlation between handedness and brain lateralisation. The key reason that hand-brain link is important and is an accepted methodology is that clinicians use handedness as a marker for brain lateralization. Language is a distributed cerebral network with differences in area involvement that relate to specific language functions (Frith et al., 1991). Vital regions in network lateralize to one hemisphere and determine lesion (Ojemann, 1991). In most people this lateralization is to the left. The only consistent information on the variability of hemispheric control between individuals are aphasias following a stroke or hemispheric inactivation by procedure in patients with brain lesions (Wada and Rasmussen, 1960). Pertaining to the unevenness of language control there is a chance of functional hemispheric reform (Rasmussen and Milner, 1977). It assumes that variation from left hemisphere language power is related to a difference like left-handedness. In right-handed subjects there is puzzling correlation of verbal language and hand dominance, both confines to a small area to the left hemisphere (Mayeux and Kandel, 1991). The actual variability of language lateralization in the general popu lation is practically unknown. Evaluations in a representative number of healthy subjects do not exist because, in the past, no technique was available to determine language lateralization effectively and non-invasively. This lack of information has hampered the assessment of language disturbances. There is an ongoing debate on the role of the right hemisphere in recovery from aphasia after left hemispheric strokes (Weiller et al., 1993Go; Heiss et al., 1997Go; Mimura et al., 1998Go). Particularly, in retrospective evaluations it would be important to know how many patients with left hemispheric strokes and transient disturbance of language can be expected to have been right hemisphere language dominant and to have suffered speech impairment due to other, more unspecific causes like decreased vigilance. Moreover, knowledge concerning the exact incidence of right hemisphere language dominance in healthy righthanders would be important for functional neuroimaging studies. Here, due to lack of information, researchers often need to rely on the assumption that restricting examinations to healthy right-handers will control for a possible variability in hemispheric dominance. Recently, a simplified functional imaging technique, functional transcranial Doppler-ultrasonography (fTCD) has become available (Aaslid, 1987Go; Hartje et al., 1994Go; Silvestrini et al., 1994Go; Rihs et al., 1995Go). It allows determination of hemispheric dominance in individual subjects in an effective, reliable and non-invasive way (Deppe et al., 1997Go; Knecht et al., 1998). This technique has now made it possible to establish the variability in the side and degree of language dominance in a representative number of healthy subjects. fTCD measures cerebral perfusion changes related to neuronal activation in a way comparable to functional MRI (fMRI) and 15O-PET (Kuschinsky, 1991Go; Jueptner and Weiller, 1995Go; Deppe et al., 1997Go, 1998Go). fTCD makes it possible to compare perfusion changes (by measuring blood flow velocities) within the territories of the two middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), which comprise the potential language areas (van der Zwan and Hillen, 1991Go). It thus provides an operational index of laterality which, in many respects, resembles the one obtained by the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (Wada test) (Wada and Rasmussen, 1960Go). Determination of language lateralization by fTCD matches precisely both the results of fMRI and the Wada test with concordance in every single case (Deppe et al., 1998Go; Knecht et al., 1998aGo). As in many previous studies of this kind, word generation was chosen as an activation paradigm because it is one of the most effective measures of language production (Neils-Strunjas, 1998Go). On this basis language dominance was determined in a total of 188 healthy subjects. Left-handers were excluded from the study because of possible confounding effects of handedness on hemispheric dominance (Kimura, 1983Go). A careful history for brain damage in the prenatal period or in infancy was taken in order to exclude subjects with possible plastic reorganization of hemispheric dominance after brain lesions (Rasmussen and Milner, 1977Go). The work was part of the Munster functional imaging study on the variability of hemispheric specialization in health and disease (Deppe et al., 1997Go; Knecht et al., 1998aGo, bGo). Hemispheric language dominance was assessed in 188 healthy volunteers with 111 females (mean age 26  ± 5.5 years, range 17-50 years) and 77 males (mean age 27  ± 3.7 years, range 21-40 years). Subjects were excluded if, on a standardized questionnaire, they reported delayed or disturbed language development or a history of other neurological disorders, particularly perinatal asphyxia or kernicterus, head trauma, loss of consciousness, epileptic seizures, meningitis or encephalitis. They were further required to have successfully completed the equivalent of high school (`Realschule or `Gymnasium). Right-handedness was assessed by a handedness index in the Edinburgh Inventory of greater than 30% (Oldfield, 1971Go). Left-handers were excluded from the study, as were right-handers with a score for right-h andedness lower than 30%, because, due to the small number of these subjects, an adequate evaluation of the effect of handedness on language lateralization would not have been possible. Approximately 75% of the subjects recruited had an index of more than 80% right-handedness. All subjects gave informed consent to participate in this study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Mà ¼nster. Assessment of hemispheric language dominance was performed by a standardized fTCD technique (used in a number of previous studies) and a word generation task, validated by direct comparison with the intracarotid amobarbital injection and fMRI (Knecht et al., 1996Go, 1997Go, 1998aGo, bGo; Deppe et al., 1997Go, 1998Go). Briefly, subjects were presented with a letter on a computer screen 2.5 s after a cueing tone. Silently they had to find as many words as possible starting with the displayed letter. For fTCD an activation paradigm strongly based on verbal fluency was used, corresponding to the fields of reported female superiority (Basso et al., 1982Go; Pizzamiglio et al., 1985Go). Task performance was controlled by instructing the subjects to report the words after a second auditory signal following 15 s after presentation of the letter. All words had to be reported within a 5-s time period. The next letter was presented in the same way after a relaxation period of 60 s. Letters were presented in random order and no letter was displayed more than once. `Q, `X and `Y were excluded because very few words have these as initial letters. Changes in the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the basal arteries were measured as an indicator of the downstream increase of the regional metabolic activity during the language task. Dual fTCD of the MCAs was performed with two 2 MHz transducer probes attached to a headband and placed bilaterally at the temporal skull windows (1Go). Details of the insonation technique, particularly the correct identification of the MCA, have been published elsewhere (Ringelstein et al., 1990Go). The spectral envelope curves of the Doppler signal were analysed off-line with the fTCD software AVERAGE developed by one of the authors (M.D.) (Deppe et al., 1997Go). 1 Schematic diagram of the way language lateralization was determined. Perfusion increases and therefore neuronal activation during word generation were assessed in the vascular territories of the left (marked in red) and right (marked in green) MCAs, which comprise the language areas. This was achieved by fTCD measurements of the CBFV changes in these arteries. Systemic effects were eliminated by calculating the differences in perfusion changes between sides. Averaging the responses over 20 repetitions (on average) in each individual made the results highly reliable. (For details, see Deppe et al., 1997.) After automated artefact rejection, data were integrated over the corresponding cardiac cycles, segmented into epochs which related to the cueing tone and then averaged. The epochs were set to begin 15 s before and to end 35 s after the cueing tone. The mean velocity in the 15-s pre-cueing interval (Vpre.mean) was taken as the base-line value. The relative CBFV changes (dV) during cerebral activation were calculated using the formula: dV = [V(t) Vpre.mean] x 100 / Vpre.mean where V(t) is the CBFV over time. Relative CBFV changes from repeated presentations of letters (on average 20 runs) were averaged time-locked to the cueing tone. The number of repetitions was less than 22, because no letter was presented more than once during the word generation task. A functional TCD laterality index LIfTCDwas calculated using the formula: Statistics The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the hypothesis that laterality indices in males and females were drawn from different populations. Unlike the parametric t-test for independent samples or the Mann-Whitney U test, which tests for differences in the location of two samples (differences in means, differences in average ranks, respectively), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is sensitive to differences in the general shapes of the distributions in the two samples, i.e. to differences in dispersion and skewness (Spence et al., 1990Go). The Mann-Whitney test for equivalence (Wellek, 1996Go) was employed to confirm equivalence of laterality indices in men and women. A significant result in this test provides a strong positive measure for a lack of gender differences in laterality indices. We tested the null hypothesis H0: |P[LImale > LIfemale] 1/2| >={varepsilon}versus the alternative hypothesis of equivalence H1: |P[LImale > LIfemale] 1/2| In six of the 194 right-handed subjects determination of language lateralization was not possible due to lack of a temporal bone window, i.e. inadequate ultrasonographic penetration of the skull by the ultrasound beam. In the remaining 188 subjects (59% females, 41% males) the overall distribution of language lateralization was bimodal with 7.5% being right hemisphere and 92.5% left hemisphere language dominant (2Go). The distribution of language lateralization was equivalent in men and women (3Go). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test did not detect any significant differences between females and males in the overall distribution (P > 0.05). In the subgroup of left hemisphere language dominant subjects, the Mann-Whitney test for equivalence showed equivalence with P The average number of words found during the activation task per letter presented was not statistically different between men and women (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.81) or subjects with left or right hemisphere language dominance (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.26). It was also independent of the index of lateralization (correlation coefficient r = 0.027). These are the first data on the natural distribution of language dominance in a large series of healthy right-handed subjects. They demonstrate equivalence of language lateralization for word generation in males and females, and they suggest that 1 in 13 healthy right-handed subjects is right hemisphere dominant for language. Methodology There is debate whether language can be treated as a separate mental faculty or should be approached as part of a more general cognitive system (Fodor, 1983Go). Moreover, language comprises receptive and expressive aspects and is intertwined with prosody, memory and attention (Knecht et al., 1996Go; Binder et al., 1997Go). Therefore, the assessment of language lateralization based on a single activation task provides just one index of the interindividual variability in language processing. This approach can nevertheless serve as a first step in elucidating the factors underlying the diversity of large scale neural language organization. fTCD lends itself to determination of hemispheric language dominance. The index of lateralization obtained by fTCD based on word generation is very reliable and closely corresponds to (i) the outcome of the intracarotid amobarbital procedure and (ii) the index of lateralization obtained by fMRI (Deppe et al., 1998Go; Knecht et al., 1998aGo). Other techniques like head turning, event-related potentials, transcranial high frequency magnetic stimulation or the dichotic listening test used for the evaluation of language dominance have so far failed to provide results that are reproducible and in sufficient concordance with the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (Bryden and Allard, 1981Go; Jancke et al., 1992Go; Jennum et al., 1994Go; Segalowitz and Berge, 1995Go; OLeary et al., 1996Go; Hugdahl et al., 1997Go). Unlike the intracarotid amobarbital procedure and as opposed to brain lesions, functional imaging techniques including fTCD assess brain activation and not inactivation. They are set to determine the location and relative amount of the maximal activation while diffuse or bilateral activations are cancelled out. Thus, fTCD is insensitive to a lesser activation in the contralateral hemisphere. Moreover, fTCD cannot determine whether an activated region during a task is a critical region that, when damaged, will result in a loss of that particular function. This shortcoming holds for all functional imaging techniques. However, the fact that determination of language lateralization by fMRI and fTCD correspond closely to that determined by the intracarotid amobarbital inactivation suggests that activated regions match critical regions and therefore provide essential information on the risk for language loss (Desmond et al., 1995Go; Binder et al., 1996Go; Knecht et al., 1998aGo). Sex Fuelled by the general interest in `la petite diffà ©rence, the lack of information about the natural distribution of language dominance has led to far-reaching speculations about possible differences in language lateralizations between the sexes. This discussion has been characterized by a high acceptance for positive results. Thus, despite considerable data to the contrary, there is a strong belief that language in women, on average, is less lateralized than in men (Bakan and Putnam, 1974Go; Levy and Reid, 1976Go; McGlone, 1980Go; McKeever et al., 1983Go; Hough et al., 1994Go; Rugg, 1995Go). The idea of an increased bilaterality in women has received support by a recent fMRI study in 19 males and 19 females (Shaywitz et al., 1995Go) in which activation related to a rhyming task was found to be more bilateral in women than in men. It has been conjectured that an increased bilaterality of language in women would lead to a decreased susceptibility to unilateral infarctions explaining a greater male than female proportion of aphasics (McGlone, 1980Go). Kertesz and Sheppard then showed that aphasias were as frequent in males as in females, as long as sex differences in the incidence of infarcts were taken into account (Kertesz and Sheppard, 1981Go). Similar results were obtained in a more recent epidemiological study (Pedersen et al., 1995Go). Recently, using fMRI, Frost and colleagues found no differences between sexes during a language comprehension task when group averages were compared (Frost et al., 1999Go). Our data provide the first direct evidence that language lateralization during word generation in men and women is also equivalent in variablity. In fact, they not only show a lack of significant differences but they positively demonstrate significance of equivalence in healthy subjects even though this finding is based on a word generation task, i.e. a field of reported female superiority (Kimura and Harshman, 1984Go). Equivalence of hemispheric lateralization between sexes during word generation does not exclude gender di fferences in subfunctions of language like rhyming, which we did not investigate. As was pointed out before, such a difference has been reported by Shaywitz and colleagues in a small series of subjects examined by fMRI (Shaywitz et al., 1995Go). However, in line with our results, these researchers did not find gender differences in other language tasks. Right hemisphere language dominance The predominance of right-handedness and left hemisphere language lateralization has led some theorists to suggest that a gestural system of communication with dominance of the right hand provided the neural architecture for vocal articulation in human evolution (Hewes, 1973Go; Kimura, 1987Go). If indeed handedness and language were coupled because they share the same neural resources, then any deviation from this pattern would have to be pathological. Right hemisphere language dominance in right-handers or left hemisphere language dominance in left-handers reported from the intracarotid amobarbital procedure does not challenge this view, because this procedure is only performed in patients with brain pathology. However, the present findings in healthy subjects indicate that even under natural conditions the association between handedness and language dominance is not an absolute one. Because 75% of subjects were strongly right-handed (>80%) and the remaining had handedness indices o f >30%, the effect of the degree of handedness on language lateralization could not be evaluated in the present study. Comparison of left- and right-handers will be necessary to test whether a relative association between handedness and language dominance exists in healthy subjects. The extreme argument could be put forward that all of our presumed healthy subjects with right hemisphere dominance must have suffered covert brain damage resulting in a shift of language into the right hemisphere. A similar argument has been made to explain left-handedness in healthy subjects (Coren, 1990Go). We believe that covert brain damage was unlikely. The medical history in all subjects was unrevealing and the scholastic achievement was similar. The average number of words produced during the task did not differ between subjects with left or right hemisphere language dominance and the pattern of language lateralization variability was bimodal with maxima for left- and right-hemisphere dominance (2Go). If there had been subclinical damage to language relevant areas in the left hemisphere resulting in a shift to the right, one would have expected impaired word fluency and more cases with little lateralization because of a bilateral representation of language functions. This was not the case. We therefore suggest that right hemisphere language dominance is not a pathological but a natural phenomenon. Previous estimates of `atypical right hemisphere language dominance were either based on the results from the intracarotid amobarbital test in patients evaluated for resective neurosurgery or on the occurrence of `crossed aphasia, i.e. aphasias after right hemispheric lesions. In patients with epilepsy submitted to the intracarotid amobarbital test the number of right-handers with right hemisphere language dominance was 4% in a large series and rose to 12% when a left hemisphere lesion was defined (Rasmussen and Milner, 1977Go). Because the Wada test is only performed in patients with brain lesions, which are often associated with a secondary transfer of cortical functions from the damaged to the intact hemisphere, these numbers cannot be extrapolated to healthy subjects (Helmstaedter et al., 1994Go). By evaluation of stroke-patients with crossed aphasia, the incidence of right hemisphere language dominance in right-handers has been inferred to be between 1 and 2% in the majority of series (Gloning, 1977Go; Borod et al., 1985Go; Kertesz, 1985Go). On the one hand, this low estimate of right hemisphere language dominance in previously healthy subjects made aphasias in right-handers after right-sided lesions seem an exceptional event and has resulted in almost 100 reports on `crossed aphasia in the last 30 years. On the other hand, difficulties in the assessment of language performance due to physical exhaustion and deficits in sustained attention in the early stages after stroke and reorganizational restitution in the later stages may have facilitated an underdiagnosis of aphasia in right hemispheric stroke patients in many studies. Not every patient with a cerebral infarction in the respective language dominant hemisphere will suffer damage of the language areas and become aphasic. The overall rate of aphasia due to stroke has been found to be 38% in the acute state and 18% at discharge from the hospital (Pedersen et al., 1995Go). Reasoning from the effects of brain activation to the effects of brain lesions is problematic but results from activation studies may be conceptually useful to the understanding of lesion-deficit variability in the clinical context (Willmes and Poeck, 1993Go). In a single recent study on 880 stroke patients it was reported, in passing, that of right-handed aphasics 9% had right hemispheric lesions (Pedersen et al., 1995Go). In a study on language deficits in servicemen who had suffered penetrating brain wounds, 18% of the aphasics had suffered right hemispheric lesions (Mohr et al., 1980Go). However, here the possible effects of diffuse brain damage by the impact of a bullet and the effect of variable handedness pose methodological limitations. Our cohort was similar in age to these soldiers. We found an incidence of 7.5% of right hemisphere dominance in our activation study of healthy subjects. This combined evidence suggests that about 1 in 13 previously healthy right-handed patients with a right hemispheric infarction could be at risk of suffering language impairments becaus e this is the hemisphere dominant for word generation. Conversely, after left hemispheric infarctions right-handed patients, who in retrospective evaluations seem to have recovered well from language disturbances, and on fMRI or PET may even show language related activation in the right hemisphere, may do so because they had been right hemisphere language dominant to begin with. Presently, we do not know the relevance of the extent of language lateralization by fTCD. Low indices of lateralization indicate that there is a bihemispheric activation during word generation. 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